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  Tunnelling Under the Sydney Opera House: The Vehicle Access and Pedestrian Safety Project

  The current traffic arrangements for servicing the Sydney Opera House (SOH) necessitates that delivery vehicles share the open forecourt and boardwalk areas with visitors, complicating logistics and resulting in several incidents per year. The Vehicle Access and Pedestrian Safety (VAPS) project was initiated in order to separate vehicle and pedestrians by diverting freight traffic via a mined tunnel into a new sub-level loading dock with access tunnels linking it to the existing SOH basement and ground level facilities. The design and construction of the tunnels are discussed with particular attention paid to the risks involved in excavating under a UNESCO World Heritage Listed site. The project was further complicated by low rock cover, high surcharge loads, a high horizontal stress regime, and a skewed, 17m spanning, flat roof intersection of the tunnel and loading dock. Instrumentation observations are compared against design assumptions.

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