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  Effect of tail void grouting on the surface settlements in soil of low permeability

  In shield tunneling the tail void grouting is a common practice to control the surface settlements. Generally surface settlements in a soil of low permeability occur during a tunnel construction but also during a long period after completion of the tunnel. The long-term settlements are mainly due to consolidation around the tunnel. The consolidation process is caused and determined by the tail void grouting which leads to an excess pore water pressure in the vicinity of the tunnel. Because of this, the grouting pressure has a strong effect on the long-term settlements. In order to investigate this effect, a series of coupled hydro-mechanical 3D finite element simulations have been performed. The results show that an increase in grouting pressure reduces the short-term settlements, but in many cases it doesn’t lead to a reduction of the long-term settlements. Thereby, the existence of a critical grouting pressure is identified, at which the minimal settlements are expected.

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