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  Enhancing EPB shield drives in rock and mixed face conditions in Panama City

  Several known EPB shield reference projects in rock can be picked out worldwide. However fewer are the large diameter EPB shield drive projects excavated in rock under the groundwater table in densely populated areas for metro projects.The excavation of the first metro line in Panama City sets a benchmark in rock shield tunnelling due to its typically urban area boundary conditions with strict limitations on maximum admissible settlements, excavated in fractured rock under the groundwater table and the successful timely termination of the project.

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