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  Design Changes during Construction of the Coatzacoalcos Immersed Tunnel

  During the construction of the Coatzacoalcos Immersed Tunnel there have been several design changes. In the paper, the following changes are addressed: - poor soil conditions in the casting basin and extended construction time caused settlements of the segments during casting. This resulted in an unknown bottom geometry of the elements; - incorporation of crack inducers in the outer walls of the tunnel segments to cope with shrinkage cracks; - partial preload of the tunnel elements just after immersion and prior to finishing of the immersion joints to avoid overloading of the shear keys in these joints; - installation of an `immersion joint` (Gina gasket) in the casting basin; - an alternative foundation with grout bags instead of a gravel bed for the tunnel part in the embankment; - ship traffic restrictions just after immersion and prior to installation of the locking fill; and - interfaces with the installations.

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