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  Transforming old railway tunnels to modern road tunnels. Three case studies from

  Since the decay of the railway services in Chile, several railway tunnels built at the beginning of the 20th century were abandoned and later used as part of the road network. Nevertheless, they do not satisfy modern road standards and there is a necessity to enhance its safety and availability conditions. This article describes three case studies developed by the Ministry of Public Works: Caracoles, Las Raíces and La Grupa. Although the main goal of these transformation projects was similar, each of them adopted a different solution, which shows the importance of the local characteristic of each project, such as traffic conditions, geology, topography, and others. Based on these case study, the article discusses some key aspects that should be considered on this type of projects, particularly when the works include a widening of the tunnel cross section.

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