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  TBM Hard Rock Tunnels ProjectsPenetration Rate Comparison Between

  One of the biggest tunnelling technical challenges when considering long hard rock tunnels is the estimation of the production expected in the project and how to get precise penetration and advance rate predictions. An accurate advance rate estimation (by basic calculations) as close as possible to the real future performance, mostly in long tunnels, is a key element for rock tunnel analysis and evaluation of risks, even at early project stages, when data is scarce. This paper shows the estimations undertaken by means of the three most widely used predictive models: the one from Colorado School of Mines (CSM), the theoretical model of Gehring and the NTNU model of Norway; the paper evaluates the main factors affecting boring process, and develops a comparison analysis of model forecasting versus actual data collected in some of the most important and recent long tunnels, bored all of them, in rocks that may be considered as extremely hard: Guadarrama and Vigo as Maceiras in Spain, and the Follo Line in Norway.

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