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  Prediction of occurrence of boulders in glacial soils

  Contents of boulders in soils may cause disputes between contractor and owner. Disputes may be avoided from fair baseline values in contract documents, for boulder content. A method of predicting boulder contents in glacial soils is presented. The method is based on two approaches which together utilise local geology, field observations and laboratory results, the latter from extrapolating grain size distribution curves (GSDs). The extrapolation of GSDs enables prediction of boulder content versus size. Predictions have been verified against actual boulder counts from open front tunnelling and excavation of shafts constructed in Copenhagen. Similar predictions based on GSDs from the Halsskov Ramp for the Storebælt Railway Tunnel have also matched, reasonably well. The method of two approaches for predicting boulder contents as weight percentages, or even number of boulders in a given volume, have proven a useful geotechnical basis for establishing project basis documents for tunnels in Copenhagen.

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