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  FE model of resistivity survey for prediction of mixed ground ahead of a tunnel

  Prediction of unexpected geological risks in front of a tunnel face is essential to safely excavate a TBM tunnel. In this study, an FE model for simulating electrical resistivity surveys was developed to predict risky mixed ground conditions ahead of a tunnel face. The model is validated by comparing with the electrical resistivity obtained from the analytical solution corresponding to a simplified model, which represents a vertical fault on the ground surface. The verified model was applied to the tunnel excavation model to simulate electrical resistivity surveys for predicting mixed ground conditions ahead of a tunnel face. The result demonstrated a decrease in the electrical resistivity by about 13.06%~25.80%, compared to the simplified model. This difference is attributed to the boundary effect of the ground formation around the tunnel. However, the trends of apparent electrical resistivity values during tunnel excavation are similar to that of the simplified model. The tunnel excavation model allowed a parametric study to estimate the effect of the interface slope (between different ground formations). The parametric study revealed that as the interface slope of the mixed ground decreases, the model exhibited a similar trend to the simplified model. The developed model can successfully predict the presence of a mixed ground, which enables appropriate management of potential risks.

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