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  Design and monitoring of retaining walls for TP4 railway tunnels in Copenhagen

  The TP4 Urban Tunnels contract of the Copenhagen to Ringsted high-speed railway line project comprised 3.7 km of cut & cover tunnels and ramps in urban area constructed in 2014 – 2017. The typical geology is characterised by sand/clay fill followed by glacial deposits of predominantly clay till and finally limestone. Two tunnel design sections a) sheet pile walls with 1 m embedment into limestone at final excavation for an 8.3 m deep excavation supported by 2 layers of ground anchors and b) secant pile walls with 3 m embedment into limestone at final excavation for an 8 m deep excavation supported by 1 layer of ground anchors, are evaluated based on a comparison with wall deflection and building displacement monitoring. The wall design was based on Wallap analyses, supplemented by Plaxis analyses for building displacement predictions. This evaluation of case histories with monitoring of the performance of two anchored retaining structures in the Copenhagen area may provide valuable data to practitioners for future design of sustainable underground structures in similar ground conditions.

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