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  Excavating a Metro Tunnel under a Lake with an EPB TBM Used for Istanbul 3th Airport

  The metro will make its way to the new Istanbul Airport earliest by 2021. There will be two lines, one with a length of 37 km and the other 35 km. There are few lakes left after mining activities carried out along the Metro Line which cause tremendous difficulties during tunnel excavation. This paper summarizes the performance of an EPB TBM and difficulties encountered and precautions taken when passing under one of the lakes. There was some sudden water inrush in some places, special foam and chemicals were used to stop and to cope with water inrush. The daily advance rate changed from 13.5 m/day up to 34.5 m/day. EPB pressure changed between 1 bar to 3.5 bar. It is found that TBM thrust, torque, and specific energy values were effected directly by EPB face pressure. TBM thrust changed from 6000 kN to 16200 kN, TBM torque from 1000 kNm to 2750 kNm and specific energy from 12.5 MJ/m3 to 29.3 MJ/m3. It is believed that the experienced gained will serve a basis for similar tunneling activities.

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