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  Settlements of Soils of Bukit Timah Granite Formation Due to Underdrainage during Deep Excavation

  Deep excavations in high permeable ground conditions have always been challenging in underground construction. The case studies herein have deep excavations situated along the major arterial roads and next residential blocks. The Earth Retaining and Stabilizing Structures (ERSS) scheme adopted was diaphragm wall with multiple-levels of steel struts. The geological profile along the longitudinal section shows the ERSS sections with predominant with Bukit Timah Granite (BTG) formation. This paper reports the phenomenon of pore water pressure changes and the associated subsoil movements of BTG formation during excavation. The hypothesis is underdrainage through the rock and soil interface has caused the loss of pore water pressure. This paper also discusses some of the possible mitigation measures to minimize the occurrence of underdrainage.

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