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  Hydro Power Tunnels - Innovation Challenges Innovation Drivers and Obstacles

  ABSTRACT : The increasing world population is in urgent need of more renewable energy. Hydro power is one of the earliest environmental friendly green energy sources. There are world famous projects, e.g. Three Gorges Project in China, of different dimensions successfully implemented. Some mega projects are on hold due to geotechnical, others due to environmental concerns. The paper is focusing on experiences with a variety of hydropower projects all of them typically featured by innovative tunnel concepts. Emerging countries are in urgent need of energy. As an example, the Qattara Depression Project in Egypt has been envisioned since the early days of the 20 th century. The project is one of the fascinating engineering dreams of the 20th century. Mediterranean sea water was supposed to fill the depression in the northern Sahara desert west of Cairo, producing electricity and promising regional climate change. Egypt’s capital with its notorious environmental problems was supposed to be relocated near to the artificial Sahara lake.

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