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  Operation and Maintenance Costs of Subsea Road Tunnels in Norway

  In Norway, there are currently more than 30 subsea road tunnels in operation. The Vardø Tunnel was the first one, finalized in 1983. In general, road tunnels require rock support for its stabilization along with other materials, equipment, consumptions and activities that affect the cost during their Operation and Maintenance (O&M). These resources aim to fulfil requirements related to water and frost protection, fire protection system, drainage system, ventilation system, lighting, air purification systems, etc. A subsea tunnel incorporates additional and unique features such as marine water leakages, a restricted access for maintenance of tunnels and a considerable elevation difference between their portals and the deepest point. The estimated annual O&M costs for existing subsea road tunnels in Norway analysed herein for the year 2018 show that Traffic volume by AADT is alone a good predictor for such costs per tunnel meter with limited scattering.

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