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  An Explicit Numerical Manifold Method and Its Application on Modelling Tunnel Failure Process

  The failure of tunnel can affect personal safety and even result in great economic loss. Investigating the failure process of tunnel is one of the key issues of rock mechanics. In this study, the failure process of a deep buried rock tunnel is numerically investigated by the numerical manifold method. An explicit numerical manifold method (ENMM) based on the Newmark time integration method is developed as the main simulation platform. The interface element with zero thickness is incorporated into the ENMM to simulate crack initiating and propagation effects of rock mass. Then, the developed numerical method is applied to simulation of the failure process of a deep buried rock tunnel. The results indicate that the proposed ENMM method can deal with both the tensile crack and shear crack propagations. Based on simulating the crack initiation and propagation effects, the failure mechanism of the surrounding rock from continuous media to discontinuous media is numerically investigated.

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