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  Combination Forces between Dowels and EPDM Gasket

  The excavation with TBM often requires a structural segmental lining. Dowels are increasingly used instead of bolts for longitudinal connections between rings. Several times the design does not focus enough how the dowels work during the tunnel lining installation. The lack of norms, recommendations and literature does not help the designers. In this study we evaluated the combination between dowel resistances and gasket reaction forces. We realized several pull-out tests over the dowel system. We matched the results with gasket behaviour when tested compressed at different time steps. Test results demonstrate the importance of a rigid, quickly reactive and self-centering dowel.

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