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  Public Funds and Accountability - Keep Mega Underground Infrastructure Projects Free from Corruption

  Major Underground Infrastructure has a basic cost or value for its construction, maintenance and operation which is often exceeded, and mostly require direct or indirect debt to procure. An examination of the causes of higher than expected actual project costs reveals a raft of project risks which contribute to the increasingly high cost of constructing underground works. These extras include ‘Administrative Frictional Taxes’ that collectively impose a potentially large surcharge on the basic costs that become a significant proportion of the intergenerational debt burden of projects. Often this debt burden is highest on the citizens of countries that can least afford it and because it is readily avoidable can be characterised as a modern form of government-controlled corruption. It is concluded that the most effective way of fighting corrupt Administrative Frictional Tax debt is by enabling laws to create a transparent and accountable environment for project procurement and delivery.

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