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  Convergence-Confinement Method for A Circular Tunnel Supported by Shotcrete-bolt Considering Excavation Process

  Due to the contribution of anchored rock bolts, the mechanical behaviour of the reinforced rock mass has been improved, the reinforced rock mass is treated as a component of the support system and works together with shotcrete lining. Elastic method is used to calculate the composite stiffness of shotcrete-bolt support and the mechanical behaviour of the shotcrete-bolt support is analyzed in this paper using the convergence-confinement approach. A calculation procedure is presented which is able to provide the reaction curve of the support with increasing stiffness, by taking into account the variability due to time of the shotcrete stiffness and strength, as well as the timetable during tunnel excavation. From examples calculation, influence of the parameters on the reaction curve such as excavation footage, the cycle time, the time constants of shotcrete are discussed.

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