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  Design Model of Residual Water Pressure on the Tunnels act as Drains

  Deep tunnels or subsea tunnels are generally undertaking considerably high water pressure, and are required to flow into the tunnel to reduce the water pressure. To avoid structural effect, tunnels under high water pressure exceeding 6 bar are commonly recommended to construct as a drained tunnel. However, even the tunnel is designed as drained, tunnel linings take water pressure which is termed as residual water pressure, due to hydraulic deterioration and/or the lack of flow capacity of the drainage system. The residual water pressure directly act on the inner linings, and can cause structural damages to the linings. Although several methods estimating the residual water pressure have been proposed, they are just hypothesis without theoretical supports and empirical data. Therefore a rational approach to evaluate the residual water pressure is required to secure safety during the life time of the tunnel. In this paper, a design model of residual water pressure is investigated based on the experimental tests and numerical analyses. It is found that the restriction of flow mainly induces the residual water pressure, and the magnitude of water pressure is mostly dependent on the ground water level and relative permeability between ground and lining-drainage system.

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