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  Prediction of Ground Movement Utilising 3D Numerical Analysis in Proximity to Deep Excavations in Urban Projects

  The compliance with strict requirements for serviceability is often of great importance for the design of urban structures. The design of tunnels/deep excavation requires a proper estimate of ground movements and settlements as well as structural forces particularly in the proximity to existing structures. This paper presents practical applications of 3D numerical models for solving geotechnical problems in underground work. The impact of excavation/tunnelling on existing structures was estimated by employing different groundwater conditions and loading conditions. Comparisons were made between the 2D approximation and the 3D staging model to demonstrate how 3D modelling can be utilised to achieve the safe and robust design and construction of deep excavation and tunnelling in challenging urban construction.

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