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  Potential of the newly developed High Density Support Medium (HDSM) for the application of Variable Density (VD)-TBM in highly permeable ground

  On their first application for the Klang Valley MRT-Project in Kuala Lumpur, the Variable Density (VD)-TBMs had to bore through very karstic limestone in mixed face conditions with hard rock and soft ground. This type of TBM technology was also applied for other tunnelling projects with highly heterogeneous, very coarse and permeable ground in some instances under a high ground water level. These combinations of unfavourable boundary conditions represent technically difficult and challenging ground conditions. For tunnelling through karstic limestone with VD-TBM, the High Density Support Medium (HDSM) concept was developed. The increased density achieves a reduction of penetration depth and a lower theoretical rise height of the HDSM for the same contribution of support pressure. This performance leads to higher safety against blowouts and support medium losses at the tunnel face. This technology should not only be limited to very karstic soil formations.

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