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  Streamlined Stormwater Conveyance Tunnel Planning and Design for Flood Control in Central Copenhagen

  Extreme rainfall in central Copenhagen, Denmark during 2011 caused extensive flooding throughout the city. In response, the city has embarked on ambitious improvements to provide flood protection and resilience. The scheme relies on new stormwater transfer facilities through high capacity conveyance tunnels. The Kalvebod Brygge (KAL) tunnel is a key element; a 1.2km tunnel to convey stormwater from the city centre to a new pumping station. The objective of the work detailed in this paper was taking KAL from a concept to a space-proofed design within a year. To achieve this, the designers and client needed to hit the ground running and utilize the strengths of the international multi-organizational design team. Through building an effective team, and nimble management, best practice in hydraulic modelling (network and CFD) was integrated in design to prove the solution and develop the design of the tunnel and subterranean structures. This resulted in development and optimization of space-proofed designs of: drop shafts (2no. circular, ~15m depth, on highly constrained sites), tunnel (nominal 3.0m dia through limestone), 20m³/s pumping station (in circular shaft). The paper reflects on technical aspects of developing the design, key lessons learned and the best practice applicable to other projects.

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