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  Long-Term Subsidence of A Shield Tunnel in Alluvial Clay

  Underground construction in the low-permeability ground often leads to long-term continuous ground subsidence. By tunneling, new drainage boundaries introduce into the ground system and water content around tunnel changes. The decrease in pore water pressure around tunnel causes consolidation of low-permeable soil around the tunnel. The existence of small cracks or construction defect in the tunnel lining facilitates the creation of initial drainage. The initial leakage might also happen through the joint between rings due to the faulty performance of the sealing.In this study, the long-term behavior of an old shield tunnel near Tokyo is studied. The measurements show an increase of load in tunnel crown and large deformation in the tunnel lining through the years. At the same time, a considerable amount of water leakage observed inside of tunnel infiltrating through joints and cracks. A numerical model was developed to investigate the long-term behavior of the tunnel and create the data that was not accessible by field measurements. The numerical model is used to simulate the tunnel and ground subsidence by years after the tunnel accomplishments by considering the drainage pattern same as field data. The long-term and short-term settlement of soft soil around the tunnel.

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