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  Underground Structure arrangement and layout of Kaligandaki Koban Hydroelectric Project at different stages.

  Kali Gandaki Koban Hydroelectric Project is located in the Koban and Lete Village Development Committees (VDCs) of Mustang District in Nepal, between 83 35’ 00”E to 83 41’ 21” E and 28 36’ 15” N to 28 38’ 40” N. The headworks is planned at Kalopani 0f Dhampu village, whereas powerstation site is about 6 km further downstream at the village of Ghasa.The world’s 10th and 7th highest mountains, Annapurna 1 (8094 masl) and Dhaulagiri (8160 masl) that tower above the respective left and right banks of the proposed headworks site.Most of the catchment area lies within the rain shadow area behind Mount Annapurna range. Total catchment area at intake is 3474 KM2, out of which 1517 km2 is snow fed and 1957 km2 is rain fed.Average annual inflow at intake is 1281 Mm3. The project consists of concrete faced rockfill dam (CFRD) with spillway and undersluice arrangement within the dam. Flow is diverted through headrace tunnel with length 7.2 Km to power station at Ghasa. The project is planned with daily peaking run off river with some seasonal storage. The project is designed in two different modalities and capacity. Lower capacity with high plant factor and dry energy for domestic use and higher capacity with high energy for export purpose. Since the main focus is in underground structure and powerhouse cavern, so the capacity of the project does not affect significantly.At initial stage of planning, powerhouse was planned as surface powerhouse with surface steel penstock. Later on due to various reasons it was shifted underground with inclined drop shaft. The main reason to go underground is risk of flood due to damming of river. On later stages of study layout of powerhouse cavern is changed due to stress conditions and rock mass orientations.

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