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  The Role of Numerical Modelling in Tunnels Rehabilitation

  Rehabilitation is generally much more challenging than new design and build. As a consequence, it requires more careful planning, design, decision making and perfect execution. There is relatively limited experience recorded concerning rehabilitation of existing tunnels compared to other types of structures. Even perfectly executed tunnels are gradually becoming functionally obsolete and structurally deficient due to lack of maintenance. The most serious and recorded problems in constructed tunnels are usually related to groundwater intrusion and its consequences. However, there are other factors besides groundwater intrusion that leads to tunnels deterioration. These include probable design mistakes and inadequate construction techniques and materials that lead to a degradation of the tunnel liner structural elements. A successful rehabilitation process will result in tunnels to optimally function as originally designed and constructed. One of the key challenges involved in the tunnels rehabilitation is the understanding of the causes and effects relationships on different tunnel elements. Hence, determine the main problems parameters and its weight which lead to various rehabilitation programs from which the most suitable one is checked and then executed.The current paper outlines the approach to right investigation, evaluation, and analysis for the design and construction of the tunnels rehabilitation process. The role of numerical methods for investigating the main causes for tunnels deterioration is demonstrated. The design of the rehabilitation process is performed not only on the material level but on the structural system level as well. The paper addresses the results gained from case studies and the lessons learnt from some rehabilitation tunnels projects in the Middle East. Tunnels, Rehabilitation, Numerical Modelling.

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