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  Method for water inflow rate estimation from sample measurements of surface flows on tunnel walls

  Water inflow rate is an important factor in the assessment of tunnel conditions. Excessive water inflow could cause corrosion of metallic services, short circuiting of electrical devices and generally create a hazardous environment within the tunnel. A method for estimating the water inflow rate along a tunnel wall is developed by considering various crack and joint orientations and locations represented as linear sources. It is found that estimating water inflow for transverse wall cracks and joints is more complex compared to other types. The total water inflow rate from each source is estimated by measuring a finite segment of water inflow rate within the flow area. An index chart is presented to incorporate more complex site conditions.

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