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  Predicting stand-up time of the tunnel face using 3D numerical simulations

  The advance rate and the standstill time of a TBM have a large influence on the face stability of tunnels driven below the water table. In soils of medium-to-low permeability, the timedependent development of seepage forces directed towards the face is often the main reason for collapse. In tunneling practice, mechanized or conventional, the assessment of the „stand-up time“, i.e. the time over which the unsupported tunnel face remains stable, is very important as it provides the available time for safe operations during standstill, without any need for temporary face support or ground improvement. The transient response of the unsupported tunnel face can only be obtained through a fully coupled three-dimensional numerical analysis. This paper presents 3D numerical investigations of safe advancing rates and the „stand-up time“ for unsupported faces ensuring a stable tunnel face in shallow tunnels.

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