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  Influence of stiffness of back-fill grouting material for void above tunnel lining upon load-bearing capacity of tunnel structure

  Void above a tunnel lining is harmful to a tunnel structure in some cases especially in poor ground conditions. The void often exists in old tunnels constructed with the steel rib and lagging method, and back-fill grouting is one of the most effective countermeasures against the void. Stiffness of the back-fill grouting material is an important factor and should be examined appropriately to obtain enough ground reaction force to the lining. However, for many practical uses, the stiffness is not so seriously taken into account and is determined on the basis of our empirical knowledge in many cases. In this study, a series of numerical analysis is performed to examine stress circumstances of tunnel lining where a back-fill grout is applied. Major conclusions include: A high expansion ratio material for back-fill grouting could be too soft to secure enough reaction force to tunnel lining under external force acting conditions.

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