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  Replacement of PFA in bi-component annulus grout applications

  Incorporating PFA or GGBS as secondary components to cement in TBM annulus grouting applications has long been considered to be standard within the industry. The decline in the steel manufacturing and coal industries in the UK has led to a massive shortage in supply of these pozzolanic fillers. Laboratory scale tests have been conducted in order to determine whether limestone filler could be a suitable replacement. Different annulus grout mix designs have been tested at various cement cementitious ratios using PFA, GGBS and limestone filler. The results presented show that relationships can be formed to help determine which mix design is optimal for performance; selecting the cementitious replacement material which proves to be the best. Limestone filler has been found to be just as good as PFA in bi-component annulus grouts when replaced like for like by volume.

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