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  Characterization and safe disposal of acid generating alum shales in the Follo Line project, Oslo, Norway

  The Norwegian National Rail Administration is building a new railroad tunnel between Oslo and Ski. It is expected to generate between 9 500 and 18 700 tons of alum shales, CambroOrdovician black mudrocks, characterized by their high potential for generating acid rock drainage (ARD). This project illustrates an integrated management approach, from the characterization of the rock to the safe disposal of the excavated masses. The paper presents a novel and practical method that was used to identify alum shales during preliminary investigations and construction. It also describes a quantitative evaluation of various disposal solutions based on environmental, operational and economical aspects. The possibility to dispose alum shales in dedicated underground caverns built in the vicinity of the tunnel is evaluated as an alternative to surface disposal. Remediation and water control solutions are proposed, together with rock support design and costs evaluations.

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