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  ”Cut and Cover” tunnel in swelling soil

  The paper presents the design and research efforts made for the carrying out of a competitive and optimal solution for Turdas tunnel. The tunnel passes through alluvial deposits with clays and powders at the upper part, sand and gravel with water in the middle part and swelling clay marl at the lower part. Two methods and structural solutions ”Cut and Cover” and ”Cover and Cut”, are analyzed comparatively. The cut and cover method adopted, with a structural solution composed from a provisional structure of molded walls and a special internal lining, is presented. Threedimensional finite element analyses were carried out to investigate the behavior of this type of structure under swelling and seismic actions. A monitoring system including inclinometers, strain gauges and pressure cells was provided to verify the stresses in provisional structure and internal lining, during construction and in service and to calibrate the future calculations.

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