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  Use of innovative underground solutions to increasing the resiliency of Istanbul: the case of new metro lines

  The progressive replacement of vehicular mobility with underground transit is the strategy worldwide adopted to overcome problems from GHG emissions to perception of urban quality. Most part of operative problems, when enforcing such strategies, derives from pre-existing conditions of urban settlement. In this light, Istanbul is a typical example. Many historic layers mix up with today’s urban sprawl, generating multiple constraints. The design of a new and integrated metro line system, with specifically engineered innovative solutions, can overcome the said multiple constraints, allowing for very large infrastructures to be realized under existing neighborhoods. For example, deep stations (>40m depth) designed either with only one shaft, in order to minimize the impact on existing buildings and planters, or even to be built completely underground, can minimize or even eliminate impacts on the surface. Such design innovations help to build the underground layer of the resilient city.

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