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  Predicting the range of volume loss in shallow tunnelling

  In estimating the effect of tunnelling on existing buildings, the value of volume loss, which is often determined by experience, is an important input parameter. This paper proposes a method to predict the volume loss for various cover-to-diameter C/D ratios in case of shallow tunnelling. By applying a number of (empirical) relation, such as the stability number of O’Reilly(1988) and an analysis of the bentonite and grout flows, volume loss at the tunnelling face, along the shield and at the tail is estimated. Long-term volume loss behind the shield is also derived by means of a consolidation analysis. A width band of achievable volume loss for future projects is derived in this way.

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