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  Influence of slurry TBM parameters on ground deformation

  Tunnelling in soft ground can induce considerable ground deformation that poses a risk to existing infrastructure. To control ground deformation, pressurized-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) (e.g., slurry shield and earth pressure balance (EPB)) are increasingly employed in urban areas. The effect of support pressures applied at the tunnel face and circumference have an important influence on mitigating ground deformation. Pressurized-face tunnelling generates a set of support pressures at the tunnel face (face pressure), along the shield skin (annulus pressure) and behind the tail shield outside the lining segments (grouting pressure).

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