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  Risk control in planning water conveyance tunnels

  Risk control experiences during the past decade in planning of numerous water conveyance tunnels, predominantly in TBM drives in South East Asia, with disappointing results have been analyzed as shown in the following 3 examples. Dulhasti HEP (Hydro Electric Project) in Jammu & Kashmir where tunnel strata encountered during TBM excavation was having Quartzite & intermittent bands of Phyllite. Numerous shear zones crossed the tunnel regularly containing high seepage water and incidences of roof collapse. At one location the tunnel invert got burst and seepage water started oozing. It reached a level of 72000 lit per min along with silt and pebbles in large quantity which flooded the tunnel and buried the TBM. It resulted in contractual complications. Contractor refusing to continue, high cost and time overrun.

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