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  Optimum Freezing Pipe Arrangement for Subsea tunnel Cross Passage Construction

  Nowadays, linking countries and continents in the global transportation systems becomes an utmost challenge of civil engineering, which attracts a growing interest in construction of subsea tunnels. Among many parts of a subsea tunnel, cross passages connecting parallel twin tunnels, play a role to equilibrate the air pressure generated by passage of high speed trains, and as an emergence exists when an unavoidable disaster occurs. In addition, the construction of cross passages represents a large share of cost and time for an entire subsea tunnel construction. When water-pressure higher than 10 bar is expected during constructing the cross passage, traditional grouting technologies are not appropriately adapted to water cut-off.

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