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  Repairing an ageing national monument – the world’s first box shaped immersed tunnel

  The Maas Tunnel (Figure 1) connects the North bank and the South bank of the Maas River that divides the City of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, into two. Designed during the 1930’s after extensive studies by city engineers, construction work started in 1937 and the tunnel was opened five years later in 1942 during the occupation of Rotterdam. For the Netherlands it was the first immersed tunnel, for the world it was the first box shaped immersed tunnel. The rectangular section not only allowed for twin road traffic bores, but also for bores for cyclist and pedestrians placed above each other. Up to today the Maas Tunnel serves as a vital connection for the municipal road network and takes 60.000 vehicles every 24 hours.

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