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  Key design issues of lined tunnels and shafts used for compressed air energy storage

  Energy storage is of growing importance due the increasing exploitation of renewable energy sources of an intermittent nature. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) plants represent an alternative to pumped-storage reservoirs for storing large quantities of energy. The peculiarity of CAES is that gas must be stored under a high pressure (up to 30 MPa) in order to achieve the necessary efficiencies. A lined rock cavern (LRC) in the form of a tunnel or shaft can be used within this pressure range. The internal gas pressure is borne by the rock, while the tightness and stability of the system is guaranteed by a mixed composite lining consisting of a thin steel inner shell and a reinforced concrete outer shell.

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