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  Construction of Railway Tunnels in Highly Adverse Geological Conditions in Himalayas by Using NATM – A Case Study

  A new broad gauge railway tunnel called Tunnel T-48 is a part of the main stretche of the 273 KM long Udhampur – Srinagar- Baramullaha rail project in the state of J&K, India ,covering a length of 10.2 KM comprising the Main Tunnel and the Escape tunnel of 10.20 KM length, each of which are to be bored with 7.12m and 4.5m of finished diameter respectively. Presently 6 faces out of total 10 faces, i.e. 4 faces from Adit-1, 4 Faces from Adit-2 and 2 faces from North Portal of the tunnels -are under construction, adopting the technique of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). The remaining 4 faces from Adit-2 are yet to be opened. Despite the very heterogeneous geological conditions, i.e.,frequent changes of massy and completely fractured rock, and with partial high water ingress, the work is progressing without excavation related interruptions and delays. Tunnelling is a challenge on this stretch in the face of hordes of problems owing to extremely difficult and inaccessible terrain, compounded by technical problems and adverse security ambiance.

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