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  A Review of Foundation Treatment in Immersed Tube Tunnels in Mainland China

  Foundation treatment in immersed tube tunnels aims to reduce the problem of uneven foundation trench caused by excavation. It is also used to strength soft soil in the ground. Therefore, stability and settlement of the tunnel are closely related to foundation treatment methods and construction techniques. This paper presents all immersed tube tunnels in mainland China and their foundation treatment methods. Three typical engineering applications of different methods are introduced in details, including engineering background, construction process and treatment effect, which presents state- of-the-art techniques in China. Furthermore, by a comprehensive comparison, experiences of each method are concluded. The review indicates the characteristics and applicability of different methods, which provides references for future projects.

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