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  Hard rock TBM Tunnelling in Karst Conditions: Developments and Lessons Learned from the Field

  Years of experience and multiple projects have shown that TBMs can handle all sorts of karstic conditions if the situation is identified at an early stage of the project and the TBM is designed for the conditions . The major problems related to karst occur when the conditions are either not identified at an early stage of the project or are not detected under the operation until it is too late . The current TBM technology offers different tools to handle karstic conditions including : Capability to seal off water ingress on hard rock shielded TBMs, Multi-mode / Hybrid TBMs, Probe drilling and pre-grouting with MWD analysis, Soft ground TBM technology. It is Robbins ’ experience that properly equipped hard rock TBMs are a very good choice in limestone and younger karstic formations without major water pressures . TBM performance for hard rock machines in limestone will be excellent as long as the karstic formations are identified prior to hitting them , so they can be handled efficiently.

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