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  Comparison of tunnel excavation cycle time for Norwegian and Korean tunnels

  Tunnel construction cost and time in a drill & blast tunnel are quite different from country to coun- try since they have been developed considering geological conditions, social regulations and eco- nomic situations of each country, although the design concept and general procedures of opera- tions are practically the same worldwide. Thus, every country has been trying to reduce construction time and cost, at the same time, to improve safety, carrying out many studies on the construction cost of tunnels. As for construction time or cycle time for a tunnel, however, there have been not many studies so far. Hence, many researches for tunnel construction time are necessary for the developement of a better tunneling method and considering construction time is closely associated with construction cost. Finally, this paper analyzes the differences in tunnel operation practices through the comparison of cycle time, the range of each detailed operation, the share of operations and advance rate for four tunnels in Norway and Korea where many tunnel projects have been performed.

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