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  Failure of a D-shaped Tunnel

  North East part of India experiences the highest rainfall in the world. The zone is also seismically very active, since earthquakes of magnitude 5 to 6 occur very frequently in this area. Excessive rainfall causes landslides along the hilly road and many a time the road is closed for several days. Various measures are being tried to keep the road open during the rainy season. In one of these trials, a cut and cover tunnel was constructed after cutting the toe of a hill. The shape of the tunnel was D shaped and was properly proof-checked before construction. Construction of the tunnel except cover with soil was over before onset of monsoon period. Due to excessive rain, the hill slope failed and slided down. The rolling debris hit the vertical wall of the tunnel. The thickness of the vertical wall was not designed for this impact load and subsequently failed in shear.

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