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Abstract: The use of underground spaces is becoming increasingly interesting, as surface space in cities becomes sparse and precious. Climate change increases the need for cities to protect themselves from flooding, major storms etc. Underground spaces can make cities more resilient to master these disasters and to keep functioning, by hosting vital services, like power distribution, fresh-water supply...
Abstract: Our globe is experiencing unprecedented growth in urban populations. The corresponding sprawl of existing urban areas and the explosion of new cities and urbanizing regions is occurring at rapid speed. Often infrastructure development cannot keep up. The resource land is being used up at alarming rates. Efforts are going on in many cities and urbanizing regions to contain the sprawl and to...