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Abstract: Fibre reinforcement has matured as a technology and it is now often used for tunnel linings in some countries, both in precast concrete segments and sprayed concrete (SFRS). For example, the Crossrail project in London features steel fibres for the segments in the running tunnels and also the permanent sprayed concrete linings for the station tunnels. While various design guides test methods...
Abstract: Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) is a composite material with many advantages compared to steel – both structurally and in respect of the embodied carbon in the material. Tensile elements like reinforcing bars and rock bolts can be manufactured from GFRP. While they have an excellent tensile strength, because most glass fibres are aligned in the longitudinal direction along the bar, the...
Abstract: Permanent sprayed concrete linings (PSCL) have existed in various forms for many decades but the technology has recently taken significant strides forwards with adoption on several major projects in the UK, most notably, Crossrail. This paper will review the key elements of the design philosophies that underpin current applications of PSCL in soft ground conditions. Achieving this transition...