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Abstract: To design the ventilation system of a railway tunnel that can handle fire emergencies, the energy released from a railcar fire has to be considered. The maximum heat release rate is particularly important. Traditionally, the Kennedy equation is used to calculate the critical velocity of tunnel fire, which is the minimum ventilation speed required to control smoke and heat originating from the...
Abstract: Zengwen Reservoir is the largest reservoir in capacity in Taiwan. Typhoon Morakot in 2009 brought extreme precipitation with sediments of 90 million cubic meters to the reservoir, had reduced its effective capacity less than 69%. Rehabilitation for the reservoir is necessary to mitigate problems caused by sediments. A sediment sluicing tunnel that is going to be built neighboring to the dam,...