List of products by author: M. Rennen

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  Wireless Optical Displacement Sensor for convergence and divergence monitoring

  Abstract: The construction and modification of tunnels brings a requirement for precise measurement of convergence and divergence to safeguard the structure, maintain safety and provide the assurance needed to maintain efficient progress. Established methods include manual measurement using tape extensometers and automated methods using photogrammetry and automated total stations. Drawbacks include the...

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