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Abstract: An evaluation of the heterogeneity and variability in the sub-surface conditions is an essential aspect in the planning, design, and construction of tunneling projects. The low density of sampling in tunneling projects and the practice of locating the boreholes based on the individual experience makes a comprehensive assessment of sub-surface conditions challenging. This paper presents a...
Abstract: Tunnel projects are often dominated by spatial uncertainty in geological-geotechnical conditions. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of geostatistical or random field methods for probabilistic subsurface modelling in tunnelling applications. These methods provide the means for modelling the spatial variability and quantifying the spatial uncertainty in...