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Abstract: Qiantang River Bo’ao Tunnel Project crosses beneath the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, China where the river width is 1,300m and the average depth is 10m. With the total length of approximately 1,680m and the excavation diameter of 11.7m, the tunnel is constructed with shield tunneling method and travels through complex geological conditions, such as silt, clay and approximately 500m length of...