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Abstract: New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is criticized for its heavy use of concrete in thick tunnel lining, which results in more energy consumption and GHG emissions. The paper obtained the Q-values of various rock mass grades using empirical calculation formulas and calculated the GHG emissions of 1-m Chinese highway tunnel and Norwegian tunnel. The GHG emissions from tunnel lining and the...
Abstract: Tunnel is the traffic facility with high-density greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. With the booming development of Chinese tunnelling industry, a large number of energies, building materials and human sources are consumed. Various GHG and wastes are discharged into the natural environment. However, only few GHG emission researches about Chinese tunnels existed. No life cycle GHG emission paths or...