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Abstract: The Brenner Base Tunnel (BBT) - including the existing bypass of Innsbruck (Inn Valley Tunnel) - runs for 64 km between Austria and Italy, making it the longest underground railway tunnel in the world. The BBT consists of two single track tubes, connecting cross passages every 333 m and an exploratory tunnel – which lies between and about 12 m below the main tunnels. About 40 km of more than...